考试须知

时间一小时，分为Task1和Task2，一般Task1用时20分钟，Task2用时40分钟。

Task1小作文

小作文基本结构

段落	句数	内容
开头段	1-2句	改写（+概括总特征）
主体段（2-3段）	每段都是1+X	1：分段理由；X：具体数据
结尾段	1-2句	重述总体特征

首段

概括句应当注意的

总趋势（幅度）
高水平的值
明显差距
正比和反比关系

常见同义替换

替换动词show → illustrate, describe, give information about…
替换比例proportion → percentage
替换时间between…and…→from…to.., during/over… years/decades，over a span of…years/decades
替换种类kinds→ types, categories
替换性别men and women → males and females

常用词

表示显著的：significant，considerable，substantied
明显：evident，manifest，apparent

Significant differences between …… were evident.
……之间有显著的不同。

主要：mostly, mainly, primarily, heavily

主要用在：is primarily used in……

表示相反：be opposite to/be converse to/be contrary to

出现在：emerge/lie in……

The biggest difference emerges in pre-school teachers.

排放气体的表达：emit/release/discharge

动态图的表达方法

趋势

表示向上、增长

动词：
increase，rise，grow，
climb
急剧上升：jump，surge，soar, shoot up
上升至：increase/rise…+to+数字
上升了多少： increase/rise…+by+数字
(rise-rose-risen, grow-grew-grown, shoot-shot-shot)
名词：an increase，a rise，a growth，a surge，an upward/increasing/rising/growing trend

表示下降、减少

动词：decrease，decline，drop， fall，dip（短暂下降且有回升），sink
猛跌：plummet, slump, plunge
下降至：decrease/fall…+to+数字
下降了多少： decrease/fall…+by+数字
(fall-fell-fallen, dip-dipped-dipped, drop-dropped-dropped)
名词：a fall， a decrease，a reduction, a decline， a drop，a downward/decreasing trend

表示持平或稳定

remain stable at…
level off/out at…
reach a plateau at（上升后再持平）
plateau at
remain steady/constant，stay stable, stabilize，level off/out, stay at the same level

表示波动

fluctuate v.
fluctuation n.
fluctuate around…在某值上下波动
fluctuate between …and… 在某两值之间波动
fluctuate with an overall downward trend 总体呈波动下降趋势
hover around…

幅度：常用形容词和副词—变化程度

突然：sudden(ly)，abrupt(ly)
急剧：dramatic(ally)，drastic(ally)，sharp(ly)
迅速：quick(ly)，rapid(ly)
显著：marked(ly)，significant(ly)，considerable(considerably)，substantial(ly)
轻微：slight(ly), marginal(ly), moderate(ly)
逐渐：gradual(ly)
缓慢：slow(ly)
平稳：steady(steadily)

表示达到最高值

reach the highest point at +数值
reach the top at+数值
reach the maximum at+数值
peak at+数值
be at/hit/reach a peak of

表示达到最低值

reach the lowest point at +数值
reach the bottom at+数值
reach the minimum at+数值
bottom out at+数值
be at/hit/reach the bottom

表示到达多少数值

reach, arrive at, hit
位于多少数值：stand at (多用于起点)
结束于多少数值：end at

表示“交点”

超过（overtake）
A showed an upward trend, overtaking B in 年份
The year 年份marks the point at which A overtook B.
相等（be equal to）
A showed a fall while B experienced a rise, with the two equal in 年份(at 数值)
A and B was/were equal/the same in 年份

表示“经历”某种变化

see/experience/witness
…see a fall from…to…
see an opposite trend 呈现相反趋势
experience an upward/a downward trend
experience a sharp increase from…to…

表示“预计将”

Sth is predicted/expected/projected/estimated to v.
It is predicted/expected/projected/estimated that sth will v.
Sth will have v-ed by +将来时间点

五种描述趋势的句式

纵坐标作主语(一般为被描述对象) + “变化动词”+其他

The number of full-time teachers increased from 1962 to 1964.
There be 句型: “变化名词” 作主语 + in + “被描述对象”

There was an increase in the number of full-time teachers over the following two years.
There be 句型: “描述对象” 做主语+时间/地点

There were an increasing number of teachers over the subsequent two years.
subsequent: adj.随后的，接着的
时间/地点 +“经历/见证” + “变化名词”+ in+ “被描述对象”

The next two years saw/experienced an increase in the number of full-time teachers.
一种趋势+ 出现/被发现+ in + “被描述对象”

An upward trend occurred/ emerged/ was found in the number of full-time teachers from 1962 to 1964.

衔接手段

Then/ from this time onwards/ from then on

There was a rise. Then the number went down …
After …, … / …, before …

After a rise, there was a decrease.
There was a rise, before the number decreased.
…, which was followed by/which led to/which preceded …

There was a rise, which was followed by a decrease.
… +时间点（做先行词），when…

There was a rise from … in 1962 to … in 1964, when it started to fall considerably.

理解为定语从句，when可以换成：in which/after which

逻辑关系
类似的是：Similarly, …/Likewise, …
转折： However, …/ …, while … / In/By contrast, … / Conversely, … / on the other hand, …
就 … 而言：As to …/ As for …/ In terms of …

线图（典型的动态图，用上述总结内容！）

线图写作思路总结
主体段（2-3段）：

各个起点或终点数据要对比
双线图按照时间段分段；多线图按照趋势、变化幅度或者水平高低分段
结尾段（首段概括了图形总体特征，可以省略结尾段）：
图形总特征：规律&相同点不同点（动态趋势幅度、对象差距、正比反比等）

PS:关于年龄的表达：

年龄段：

people at the age of 26-40
people aged 26-40
26-40 year olds
年龄组：the age group / the age bracket

动态饼图和动态柱状图等其他类型

饼图

基础表达：

占据（比例）：

account for / make up / represent / constitute / contribute +百分数

代表（比例）：

represent/ stand for

构成（比例）：

be made up of
constitute / compose / comprise
consist of
be divided into

表示“占比”的句式

描述对象做主语+“占据”
Over-grazing accounts for 35% (of the land degradation).
The percentage/proportion of…或The figure for…做主语
The percentage/proportion of over-grazing is 35%
The figure for overgrazing is 35%.
百分数做主语
35% of the land degradation is caused by over-grazing.

最大：

the highest proportion (of)
a maximal number (of)
（国家或群体）take the lead/top the list

最小：

the lowest proportion (of)
a minimal number (of)
（国家或群体）be at the bottom

表示“倍数”

事物本身变为原来的两倍或三倍：
double / triple (vi.)
almost double 将近原来两倍
increase twofold / threefold (adv.)
2)与其他事物相比：
A +is…times +as+ 形容词原级+as +B
A +is…times+ the + 计量名词（size / length / height / width / depth/amount） +of + B
The + 计量名词+ of + A + be + 倍数+ that + of + B

In 2006，the time spent on paper documents accounted for 10%, which was half as high as the 1980 figure.
In 2006，the time spent on paper documents was half as much as that in 1980.
There was half as much time spent on paper documents in 2006 as the time in 1980.
There was half as much time spent on phones in 2006 as the time in 1980, and so was the time people expended on paperwork.注意这里有个倒装！

动静结合饼图（参考上述动态图）

饼图动静结合写作思路

以高水平数据作为切入点，将描述对象分为2-3组
重点描述对象采取动静结合的写法，先静后动，其余的描述对象可以按照动态描写来写(对象：先静后动；数据：先合并后拆开)

PS：当要写某两个数据相加：
Collectively/Together, …and… account for …
而表示“分别地”：separately/respectively

静态柱图

写作思路：

以简单的维度作为切入点
按照水平高低，将描述对象分为2-3组
每组数据的交代顺序是先普通后特殊，先相同后不同

注意：

数据只要不是写在括号里，则前面的介词不能漏下！
静态数据：at/with _% of … + v.ing / v.ed / to do

动态：from…to…
超过：by：A overtakes/outskips/exceeds B by _%

静态表格

写作思路

观察横向和纵向的规律（大小排序或排序联系），以简单的规律作为切入点，并且指出不符合规律的描述对象
数据代入的重点依然是极值、相等、明显倍数等

正反比关系：

A is proportional to B
A is inversely proportional to B

proportional:adj.成比例的； n.比例项

或者也可以用比较级：the more…, the more …